New horizons in multidimensional diffusion: The Lorentz gas and the Riemann hypothesis

DOI10.1007/S10955-011-0397-2zbMATH Open1235.82061arXiv1103.1225OpenAlexW3106353731MaRDI QIDQ664567

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Publication date: 2 March 2012

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Abstract: The Lorentz gas is a billiard model involving a point particle diffusing deterministically in a periodic array of convex scatterers. In the two dimensional finite horizon case, in which all trajectories involve collisions with the scatterers, displacements scaled by the usual diffusive factor $sqrtt$ are normally distributed, as shown by Bunimovich and Sinai in 1981. In the infinite horizon case, motion is superdiffusive, however the normal distribution is recovered when scaling by $sqrttlnt$, with an explicit formula for its variance. Here we explore the infinite horizon case in arbitrary dimensions, giving explicit formulas for the mean square displacement, arguing that it differs from the variance of the limiting distribution, making connections with the Riemann Hypothesis in the small scatterer limit, and providing evidence for a critical dimension $d=6$ beyond which correlation decay exhibits fractional powers. The results are conditional on a number of conjectures, and are corroborated by numerical simulations in up to ten dimensions.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1103.1225

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