Randomness and probability -- previously entirely separated, now closely connected (Q1296762)

The author discusses the early history of games of chance (including the problem of points) and notes that the concept of probability was introduced later than the notion of expectation. He defends the thesis formulated as the title of his paper and believes that Jakob Bernoulli was the first major figure to bring together randomness and probability. However, Aristoteles thought that a random event had a logical or subjective probability less than \(1/2\); the ``Laws of Manu'' (ancient India) and the Talmud actually understand random events as such that possess low probabilities; etc., see my article Ann. Sci. 55, 185-198 (1988). Nevertheless, I agree that probability was definitively quantified only by Bernoulli.