Anthropic approach to the cosmological constant problems (Q1412264)

The notion ``anthropic principle'' is used for decades already for a large number of theories which have as their common property: They make use of the fact that an observation can be done only if an observer exists. In cosmology, this means, that one ``explains'' the initial conditions near the ``big bang'' by the additional condition that at present, conditions must exist which allow for intelligent life, for otherwise no intelligent question like the question about the origin of the world could have been asked. The present paper chooses two of the more serious approaches to the cosmic anthropic principle: 1) the question, why the vacuum energy (i.e. the term proportional to the cosmological Lambda-Term) is so small, and 2) why the vacuum energy is large enough to dominate the epoch of galaxy formation. The present paper is concrete enough to specify the principle such, that testable predictions can be made; thus: here, the principle has already the stature of a scientific statement.