Passive tracking in underwater acoustic (Q1603607)

This paper provides a novel passive underwater acoustic method to track a moving object, called a source or target, with the following constraints: the sensor's location is fixed and imposed, and classical array processing techniques cannot be applied. The method proposed has been successfully used to track a surface vessel (2D problem) or an underwater target (3D problem). All the results presented have been obtained with real signals. The localization of the target requires the estimation of propagation delays, that means the duration between the instant of the signal emission and its reception on each receiver. The cross-correlation function is a suitable tool when the target is motionless, but needs to be extended to the ambiguity function when it is moving. The signal to noise ratio, the uniformity of power spectral density and the integration time are determining factors for the accuracy of the localization. We show that a whitening method and a Doppler compensation are necessary, and we propose a way to eliminate the significant problem of the reflected signals. Furthermore, a new configuration of the receivers is proposed, based on the idea of coupling receivers whose distance is chosen from experiment derived results. Furthermore, the algorithm proposed is susceptible to parallel implementation, thereby facilitating real-time uses. Experimental results with real time domain data are presented and compared to trajectories obtained by an active method.