Function digraphs of quadratic maps modulo \(p\) (Q2721672)

A function digraph \(D(f(n))\) where \(n\) is any nonnegative integer is a digraph with vertices \(n\) and edges of the form \((n,f(n))\). The digraph represents \(f(n)\) and paths correspond to iterations of \(f(n)\). The authors consider \(f(n)= a+ bn+ cn^2\) modulo \(p\) where \(a\) and \(b\) are nonnegative integers and \(c\) is a positive integer. For \(p\) an odd prime, some structural properties of \(D(f(n))\) are determined.