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A strange fact about Aristotelian dynamics (Q2735627)

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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1640975
Language Label Description Also known as
English
A strange fact about Aristotelian dynamics
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1640975

    Statements

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    3 September 2001
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    epicyclic theory
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    supralunar space
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    Newtonian physics
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    A strange fact about Aristotelian dynamics (English)
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    Es geht um ``an interpretation of Aristotle's (384-322) physics -- as requiring all celestial motions to take place on circles centred in the Earth'' (S.270), gestützt durch drei Vorgaben: ``the heavens to contain nothing but aether; this aether to undergo no change beyond natural motion; and all such unforced motion to be in circles centred on the Earth'' (S.270). So gilt für den superlunaren Raum, ``that all motion in the heavens is natural, or equivalently, that force only acts below the moon'' (S.271). Hierdurch ist die Unveränderlichkeit der Himmel gewährleistet im Gegensatz zur ``ever-changing terrestrial world''.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIns Theologische übertragen: ``All the upper portion represents the dwelling of the gods, the lower the abode of mortal creatures'' (S.272). ``\dots there are several occasions on which Aristotle seems to retreat from this insistence that the heavens contain nothing but natural motion'' (S.272), u.a. dass gemäß seiner Physik ``everything in motion requires a mover that is separate from it'' (S.273); natural motion scheint also sowohl mit als auch ohne äußeren Beweger vonstatten zu gehen. Besitzt die natürliche Rotation des Äthers ein einziges Zentrum? Verf. hierzu: ``I cannot find Aristotle answering this question directly'' (S.273); Thomas von Aquin (um 1225-1274) kommentierte dies mit ``about the centre of the world'' (S.274). Ptolemaios' (um 100--um 170) Theorie der Planetenbewegungen mit wechselnden Geschwindigkeiten auf Epizykeln mit weit von der Erde entfernten Zentren -- in der Scholastik diskutiert -- stand voll im Gegensatz zu Aristoteles. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIndem Verf. weitere Argumente und Gegenargumente aufführt folgert er: ``So our interpretation of the Artistotelian tradition remains intact: its physics is strongly committed to the view that ethereal motions are centred on the Earth, despite such motions being grossly incompatible with the stellar appearances: I doubt however that Aristotelians were overly concerned about the evident problem of reconciliation there'' (S.278). Im folgenden geht Verf. noch in einem weiten Bogen von Aristoteles bis auf aktuelle diesbezügliche Auswirkungen -- z.B.: ``\dots it was Newtonian physics which definitively refuted the cosmologies competing with Copernican astronomy since the middle of the sixteenth century'' (S.280) -- im 16./17. Jahrhundert ein.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the entire collection see [Zbl 0966.00047].
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