A recurrence related to the Bell numbers (Q2898391)

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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6054413
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A recurrence related to the Bell numbers
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6054413

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    11 July 2012
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    Bell number
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    Stirling number
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    recurrence
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    combinatorial proof
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    A recurrence related to the Bell numbers (English)
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    The paper considers sequences \(C_n(a,b,c,d)\) for parameters \(a,b,c,d\) that satisfy the recurrence relation \( C_n(a,b,c,d)=abC_{n-1}(a,b,c,d)+cC_{n-1}(a+d,b,c,d)\) for \(n\geq 1\), with initial condition \(C_0(a,b,c,d)=1\). (The setting \(a=0, b=c=d=1\) yields the Bell numbers, and several related sequences can be obtained with other settings.) The paper solves the recurrence above in two ways, using exponential generating functions and counting arguments. As an application, a new proof is shown for the \(q\)-Stirling number formula of Carlitz.
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