Triple-region structure for turbulent flow in a square duct: A finite element approach (Q5917620)

The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation for describing the turbulent flow in a straight square duct are formulated with two different turbulence models. The governing equations are then expanded as a multi- deck structure in a plane perpendicular to the streamwise direction, with each deck characterized by its dominant physical forces as commonly carried out in analytical work using triple-deck expansion. The resulting equations are numerically integrated using higher polynomial finite element technique for each cross-sectional plane to be followed by finite difference representation in the streamwise direction until a fully developed state is reached.