Foundations of hadronic chemistry. With applications to new clean energies and fuels (Q5956192)

The key viewpoint, underlying the present monograph, is that ``despite \dots the axiomatic consistency and achievements of historical proportions throughout the 20th century, any belief that quantum chemistry can describe exactly all chemical conditions existing in the universe implies the existing of the boundaries of science. After one century of attempts, quantum chemistry still remains afflicted by a number of basically unresolved limitations, insufficiencies, or sheer inconsistencies. \dots Additional insufficiencies originate from the comparison between the axiomatic structure of quantum chemistry and reality'', and their most representatives are the following: (i) an absence of ``a sufficiently strong binding force'' (? - ESK); (ii) an admittance of ``an arbitrary number of atoms in the hydrogen, water and other molecules'' (? - ESK); (iii) ``more accurate representations of binding energies violate basic axioms and physical laws'' (? - ESK); (iv) quantum chemistry is unable ``to provide a meaningful representation of thermodynamical properties'' (? - ESK), (v) ``to explain the correlation of valence electrons into pairs'' (? - ESK), and (vi) to provide ``an exact representation of the electrical and magnetic dipole and multipole moments of the hydrogen, water and other molecules'' (? - ESK); and finally, (vii) ``quantum chemistry predicts that all molecules are ferromagnetic'' (? - ESK). Based on treating of ``all massive particles'' as wavepackets of ``the order of 1 fm'', the author assumes that ``quantum mechanics and chemistry as being exactly valid at distances sufficiently bigger than 1 fm'' allow ``possible, generally small corrections at mutual distances of the order of 1 fm or less due to the deep wave-overlapping of valence electrons''. Therefore, according to Santilli, ``a quantitative invariant representation of the deep overlappings of the wavepackets of valence electrons'', based particularly on (a) nonlinearity; (b) nonlocal-integrality; (c) nonpotentiality; (d) nonhamiltonianity and (e) non-unitarity, is highly demanded. This is indeed the central topic of the present monograph, namely, the construction of the hadronic generalization of quantum mechanics which, as Santilli claims, ``is an image of quantum mechanics formulated via the novel iso-, geno- and hyper-mathematics, and their isoduals, with corresponding iso-, geno-, and hyper-mechanics for the representation of single-valued reversible, single-valued irreversible, and multi-valued irreversible systems, respectively'', and which actually ``coincides quantum mechanics at the abstract, realization-free level in all its iso-, geno-, and hyper-branches.'' The present monograph has the following layout. Chapter 1 stands for introducing of the basic ideas of the hadronic mechanics with a particular emphasize on the Cooper pair model by Animalu and Santilli where the Coulomb potential is replaced by the Hulthén one (notice that throughout the whole book including Index, ``Hulthén'' [\textit{L. Hulthén}, Berechnung von Ionisierungsspannungen aus den Thomas-Fermi-Gleichung mit Diracs Austauschkorrektion, Z. Phys. 95, 789 (1935)] is always incorrectly written as ``Hulten'') which, as well known, behaves like the former at rather small distances. Chapter 2 outlines the elements of iso-, geno-, and hyper-mathematics and their isoduals in order to introduce isodifferential calculus and the concept of ``isohilbert'' space, and to develop the isoperturbation theory. Foundations of hadronic chemistry are presented in Chapter 3. The central equations of hadronic chemistry are the original Lagrange and Hamilton equations of motion supplied by the contact nonpotential-type external term. These result in the so-called ``Hamilton-Santilli isomechanics'' and ``Hamilton-Jacobi-Santilli isoequations'' derived within the isoaction principle. Applications of hadronic chemistry aimed to build new isochemical model of the hydrogen, water, and other molecules with ``the essentially exact representation of molecular characteristics'' comprise the body of Chapters 4-6 and are in fact based on the new model of molecular bonds whose main assumption is that ``pairs of valence electrons from different atoms can bond (better bind - ESK) themselves at short distances into a singlet quasi-particle state called ``isoelectronium''. The latter, as claimed by Santilli, is ``one of the first known quantitative representations of Pauli principle''. In particular, it is shown that hadronic chemistry ``implies not merely an absence of repulsion (the ``Coulomb hole''), but also an attraction among the identical electrons.'' Is is also stated that a necessity ``to improve the representation of molecular characteristics'' requires a variety of screenings of the Coulomb law achieved within hadronic chemistry via its nonunitary transformation, and therefore, as further concluded in the monograph, ``the use of the terms ``quantum chemistry'' is inappropriate for screened Coulomb laws.'' Some numerical calculations for the isochemical models of H\(_2\), HF, and H\(_2\)O are presented as well. Chapter 7 aims to apply hadronic chemistry to new clean energies and fuels, and Chapter 8, closing the present monograph, to a new type of hypothetical stable clusters, dubbed Santilli as ``magnecules'', due to ``the dominance of magnetic effects in their formation.''.