Induced subgraphs and tree decompositions. IV: (Even hole, diamond, pyramid)-free graphs (Q6106299)

Summary: A hole in a graph \(G\) is an induced cycle of length at least four, and an even hole is a hole of even length. The diamond is the graph obtained from the complete graph \(K_4\) by removing an edge. A pyramid is a graph consisting of a vertex \(a\) called the apex and a triangle \(\{b_1, b_2, b_3\}\) called the base, and three paths \(P_i\) from \(a\) to \(b_i\) for \(1 \leqslant i \leqslant 3\), all of length at least one, such that for \(i \neq j\), the only edge between \(P_i \setminus \{a\}\) and \(P_j \setminus \{a\}\) is \(b_ib_j\), and at most one of \(P_1, P_2\), and \(P_3\) has length exactly one. For a family \(\mathcal{H}\) of graphs, we say a graph \(G\) is \(\mathcal{H}\)-free if no induced subgraph of \(G\) is isomorphic to a member of \(\mathcal{H}\). \textit{K. Cameron} et al. [Discrete Math. 341, No. 2, 463--473 (2018; Zbl 1376.05132)] proved that (even hole, triangle)-free graphs have treewidth at most five, which motivates studying the treewidth of even-hole-free graphs of larger clique number. \textit{N. L. D. Sintiari} and \textit{N. Trotignon} [J. Graph Theory 97, No. 4, 475--509 (2021; \url{DOI:10.1002/jgt.22666})] provided a construction of (even hole, pyramid, \(K_4)\)-free graphs of arbitrarily large treewidth. Here, we show that for every \(t\), (even hole, pyramid, diamond, \(K_t)\)-free graphs have bounded treewidth. The graphs constructed by Sintiari and Trotignon [loc. cit.] contain diamonds, so our result is sharp in the sense that it is false if we do not exclude diamonds. Our main result is in fact more general, that treewidth is bounded in graphs excluding certain wheels and three-path-configurations, diamonds, and a fixed complete graph. The proof uses ``non-crossing decompositions'' methods similar to those in previous papers in this series. In previous papers, however, bounded degree was a necessary condition to prove bounded treewidth. The result of this paper is the first to use the method of ``non-crossing decompositions'' to prove bounded treewidth in a graph class of unbounded maximum degree. For Parts I--III see [the first author et al., J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B 157, 144--175 (2022; Zbl 1497.05179); ``Induced subgraphs and tree decompositions. II. Toward walls and their line graphs in graphs of bounded degree'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2108.01162}; ``Induced subgraphs and tree decompositions. III. Three-path-configurations and logarithmic treewidth'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2109.01310}].