Reference frames, superselection rules, and quantum information

DOI10.1103/REVMODPHYS.79.555zbMATH Open1205.81042arXivquant-ph/0610030OpenAlexW2148115906WikidataQ21563851 ScholiaQ21563851MaRDI QIDQ3077070

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Publication date: 21 February 2011

Published in: (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Recently, there has been much interest in a new kind of ``unspeakable quantum information that stands to regular quantum information in the same way that a direction in space or a moment in time stands to a classical bit string: the former can only be encoded using particular degrees of freedom while the latter are indifferent to the physical nature of the information carriers. The problem of correlating distant reference frames, of which aligning Cartesian axes and synchronizing clocks are important instances, is an example of a task that requires the exchange of unspeakable information and for which it is interesting to determine the fundamental quantum limit of efficiency. There have also been many investigations into the information theory that is appropriate for parties that lack reference frames or that lack correlation between their reference frames, restrictions that result in global and local superselection rules. In the presence of these, quantum unspeakable information becomes a new kind of resource that can be manipulated, depleted, quantified, etcetera. Methods have also been developed to contend with these restrictions using relational encodings, particularly in the context of computation, cryptography, communication, and the manipulation of entanglement. This article reviews the role of reference frames and superselection rules in the theory of quantum information processing.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0610030

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