Stably solitary foliations
A \(C^ 2\) foliation F of a closed 3-manifold M by surfaces is said to be solitary if it admits transverse 2-plane fields, but no such field is integrable. If this property holds in a neighborhood of F in \(Fol^ 2(M)\), then F is stably solitary. The main theorem of this paper is that every closed, oriented 3-manifold admits a stably solitary foliation.
foliation of closed 3-manifold by surfaces
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3932023