Resonance and symmetry breaking for the pendulum
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Resonance and symmetry breaking for the pendulum
zbMATH Open document ID: 0656.70024
DOI: 10.1016/0167-2789(88)90079-6
published in: Physica D
publication date: 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z
review text: Periodic solutions of the differential equation for periodic forcing of a lightly damped pendulum are obtained on the alternative hypotheses that (i) the contributions of second and higher harmonics to the average Lagrangian are negligible or (ii) the solution is close to that for free oscillations. The resonance curves (amplitude or root-mean energy vs. driving frequency) and stability boundaries for symmetric swinging oscillations and their asymmetric descendents (following symmetry breaking) are determined for \(\delta \ll 1\) and \(\epsilon ={\mathcal O}(\delta)\), where \(\delta\) is the ratio of actual to critical damping, and \(\epsilon\) is the ratio of the maximum external moment to the maximum gravitational moment. Resonance, as defined by synchronism between the external moment and the damping moment, is found to be impossible, and the conventional resonance curve separates into two branches, if \(\epsilon >\epsilon_*=3.28\delta +{\mathcal O}(\delta^ 3)\), which condition is necessary for normal symmetry breaking. A numerical, Fourier-series determination of the resonance curve and bifurcation points for \(\delta =1/8\) and \(\epsilon =1/2\) is presented in an appendix by \textit{P. J. Bryant}.
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 70J30
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 37-XX
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 70J25
zbMATH DE Number: 4072480
zbMATH Keywords: Periodic solutions
zbMATH Keywords: periodic forcing
zbMATH Keywords: lightly damped pendulum
zbMATH Keywords: average Lagrangian
zbMATH Keywords: resonance curves
zbMATH Keywords: stability boundaries
zbMATH Keywords: symmetric swinging oscillations
zbMATH Keywords: synchronism
zbMATH Keywords: Fourier-series determination
zbMATH Keywords: bifurcation points
author: John Miles
MaRDI profile type: Publication
full work available at URL: 0167-2789(88)90079-6
OpenAlex ID: W2028921629
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description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4072480