Trading signed designs and some new 4-(12, 5, 4) designs
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Trading signed designs and some new 4-(12, 5, 4) designs
zbMATH Open document ID: 0872.05004
DOI: 10.1023/A:1008298229019
published in: Designs, Codes and Cryptography
publication date: 1997-08-17T00:00:00Z
review text: The authors investigate a method of generating \(t\)-\((v,k,\lambda)\) designs by the use of trades incorporated into a local search algorithm. \(t\)-designs here are represented as solutions to the system of linear equations \(P^v_{tk}F = \lambda e_t\), where \(P^v_{tk}\) is the \((^v_t) \times (^v_k)\) \((0,1)\) matrix whose rows and columns are indexed by the \(t\)- and \(k\)-subsets (respectively) of a set of \(v\) elements, and \(e_t\) is the \((^v_t)\)-dimensional all ones vector. This is the well-known \(A_{tk}\) matrix representation first used by \textit{E. S. Kramer} and \textit{D. M. Mesner} in [Discrete Math. 15, 263-296 (1976; Zbl 0362.05049)]. An integral solution of this equation is called a \(t\)-\((v,k,\lambda)\) signed design. A nonnegative integral solution is called a \(t\)-\((v,k,\lambda)\) design. An integral solution for \(\lambda = 0\) is called a \(t\)-\((v,k)\) trade. If the components of a solution belong to \(\{0,-1,1\}\) then the (signed) design or trade is called simple, otherwise it is called a (signed) design or trade with repeated blocks. For any \(t\) and \(k = t+1\), any simple \(t\)-\((v,k)\) trade is called minimal if it has \(2^{t+1}\) non-zero components. The local search algorithm presented in this paper begins with a signed design \(F\), and then produces augmented designs \(F + T\) for selected minimal trades \(T\). Using a set of cost functions the search is guided towards a global minimum which represents a \(t\)-\((v,k,\lambda)\) design. The technique was applied to the case of \(4\)-\((12,5,4)\) designs to generate 20 new, mutually non-isomorphic simple designs in addition to the 30 that were already known. An effective invariant based on minimal trades is used to distinguish most of these 50 designs. Minimal trades also provide a new method for representing \(t\)-designs. Finally, \(4\)-\((12,5,4)\) designs with repeated blocks are investigated. Here the support size of a design, denoted by \(b^*\), is defined to be the…
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 05B05
zbMATH DE Number: 1028919
zbMATH Keywords: trades
zbMATH Keywords: signed designs
zbMATH Keywords: trade-off
zbMATH Keywords: trading signed design
author: Gholamreza Khosrovshahi
author: Abbas Nowzari-Dalini
author: Reza Torabi
reviewed by: Peter B. Gibbons
MaRDI profile type: Publication
full work available at URL: a:1008298229019
OpenAlex ID: W1488100470
description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1028919