The centre conditions for a certain cubic system
The authors prove the following theorem: The system \[ \dot z= iz+ Az^2+ Dz^3+ Ez^2\overline z+ Fz\overline z^2\tag{1} \] (with \(z= x+ iy\in\mathbb{C}\simeq\mathbb{R}^2\); \(A,D,E,F\in\mathbb{C}\)) has a centre at the origin iff one of the following three conditions holds: 1) \(E= F=0\); 2) \(\text{Re}(E)= \text{Im}(DF)= \text{Re}(A^2\overline D)= \text{Re}(A^2F)= 0\); 3) \(\text{Re}(E)= D- F=0\). The proof relies on Lemma 1. If one of the conditions 1), 2), 3) holds then (1) has the centre \(z= 0\). Lemma 2. The first Lyapunov focus numbers of (1) are: \(g_{11}= 2\text{ Re}(E)\), \(g_{22}= \text{Im}(DF)\text{ mod}(g_{11})\), \(g_{33}= -\text{Im}(E)\cdot \text{Re}(A^2(\overline D- F))\text{ mod}(g_{11}, g_{22})\), \(g_{44}= -\text{Re}(A^2\overline F(\overline D- F)^2)\text{ mod}(g_{11}, g_{22}, g_{33})\). The proof of Lemma 2 is based on a method developed by \textit{V. G. Romanovskij} [Differ. Equations 29, No. 5, 782-784 (1993); translation from Differ. Uravn. 29, No. 5, 910-912 (1993; Zbl 0833.34028)].
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1158164