Vertices and normals passing trough a point of convex curves of constant width and hedgehogs singularities
It is known that planar convex curves of constant width, of class \(C^4\) and with strictly positive curvature have at least 6 vertices [\textit{G. D. Chakerian} and \textit{H. Groemer}, Convexity and its applications, Collect. Surv., 49-96 (1983; Zbl 0518.52002)]. It is also known that these curves either contain a point through which infinitely many normals pass or an open set of points through each of which pass at least 6 normals [\textit{Y. Martinez-Maure}, Publ. Mat., Barc. 44, 237-255 (2000; Zbl 0974.53003)]. The author proves in this paper that both properties are closely related. The main result states that if with the above assumptions all its vertices are nondegenerate, then (i) the curve has exactly 6 vertices if, and only if, its evolute is the boundary of a topological disc through each interior point of which pass at least 6 normals; (ii) if the curve has more than 6 vertices, then there exists an open set of points through each of which pass at least 10 normals. The proof: (i) expresses the number of normals passing through a point as a function of the index with respect to the evolute; (ii) relates this index to the number of singularities of the evolute (i.e. of vertices). Besides the author gives some formulae for counting singularities of generic hedgehogs in euclidean space of dimensions 2 and 3.
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1889279