Bubble tree convergence for harmonic maps
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Bubble tree convergence for harmonic maps
zbMATH Open document ID: 0874.58012
author: Thomas H. Parker
published in: Journal of Differential Geometry
publication date: 1997-11-13T00:00:00Z
review text: Consider a sequence of harmonic maps \(f_n:\Sigma\to M\) from a compact Riemann surface \((M,h)\) to a compact Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) with bounded energy \(E(f_n)= {1\over 2}\int_\Sigma|df_n|^2\leq E_0\). Such a sequence has a well-known ``Sacks-Uhlenbeck'' limit consisting of a harmonic map \(f_0:\Sigma\to M\) and some ``bubbles'' -- harmonic maps \(S^2\to M\) obtained by a renormalization process. The set of all bubble maps froms a ``bubble tree'' introduced in the preceding article of \textit{T. H. Parker} and \textit{J. Wolfson} [J. Geom. Anal. 3, No. 1, 63-98 (1993; Zbl 0759.53023)]. The main result of this paper is a precise Bubble Tree Convergence Theorem for a sequence of harmonic maps \(f_n:\Sigma\to M\) with bounded energy. It says that such a sequence of harmonic maps has a bubble tree limit consisting of a harmonic map \(f_0:\Sigma\to M\) and a tree of bubbles \(f_k: S^2\to M\). The author gives a precise construction of this bubble tree and shows two strong convergence statements. The first is that there is no energy loss in the limit, a fact previously shown by \textit{J. Jost} [`Two-dimensional geometric variational problems', Wiley, New York (1991; Zbl 0729.49001)]. The second is that the image of the limit is connected, that is, in the limit there are no necks. As a consequence, the limit preserves homology and homotopy, and the images \(f_n(\Sigma)\) converge pointwise to the image of the bubble tree map. Furthermore, the author gives explicit counterexamples showing that bubble tree convergence fails (i) for harmonic maps \(f_n\) when the conformal structure of \(\Sigma\) varies with \(n\), and (ii) when the conformal structure is fixed and \(\{f_n\}\) is a Palais-Smale sequence for the harmonic map energy. Finally, the author considers sequences of harmonic maps from a Riemann surface \((\Sigma,h_n)\), where the metric \(h_n\) is allowed to vary, and shows that the Bubble Tree Convergence Theorem still applies if the corresponding complex …
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 58E20
zbMATH DE Number: 1002400
zbMATH Keywords: neck map
zbMATH Keywords: harmonic maps
zbMATH Keywords: compact Riemann surface
zbMATH Keywords: bubble tree
zbMATH Keywords: Palais-Smale sequence
Wikidata QID: Q115176219
MaRDI profile type: Publication
full work available at URL: https://doi.org/10.4310/jdg/1214459224
OpenAlex ID: W2136373840
DOI: 10.4310/JDG/1214459224
Recommended article: Bubble tree convergence for harmonic maps into compact locally CAT(1) spaces
Recommended article: Bubble tree convergence for the harmonic sequence of harmonic surfaces in \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\)
Recommended article: Harmonic maps from the Riemann sphere into the complex projective space and the harmonic sequences
Recommended article: Bubble tree for approximate harmonic maps
Recommended article: Bubbling phenomena of Palais-Smale-like sequences of \(m\)-harmonic type systems
Recommended article: Harmonic maps from degenerating Riemann surfaces
Recommended article: Curvature and bubble convergence of harmonic maps
Recommended article: Q4938336
Recommended article: The qualitative behavior for 𝛼-harmonic maps from a surface with boundary into a sphere
Recommended article: The refined analysis on the convergence behavior of harmonic map sequence from cylinders
description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1002400