Lineability and additivity in \(\mathbb R^{\mathbb R}\)
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Lineability and additivity in \(\mathbb R^{\mathbb R}\)
zbMATH Open document ID: 1202.26006
author: G. A. Muñoz-Fernández
author: J. B. Seoane-Sepúlveda
author: José Luis Gámez-Merino
published in: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
publication date: 2010-07-07T00:00:00Z
review text: In recent years the question whether there exists an infinite dimensional vector space of functions \({\mathbb R}\to {\mathbb R}\) with given properties (e.g. nowhere differentiability or everywhere surjectivity) has been studied by various authors. A quantitative version of this question is expressed by the notion of \textit{lineability}: A familiy of functions \({\mathcal F}\subseteq {\mathbb R}^{\mathbb R}\) is called \(\kappa\)-lineable if it contains a vector space of dimension \(\kappa\) where \(\kappa\) is a cardinal number. In the present paper, the authors uncover a connection between lineability and another, seemingly unconnected notion, the \textit{additivity} of \({\mathcal F}\). The additivity of \({\mathcal F}\) is the cardinal number \({\mathcal A}({\mathcal F})\) satisfying \[ {\mathcal A}({\mathcal F}) = \min\left(\{\text{card}\,F:\;F\subseteq {\mathbb R}^{\mathbb R},\; \forall \varphi\in{\mathbb R}^{\mathbb R}:\;\varphi+F \not\subseteq {\mathcal F}\} \cup \{(2^c)^+\}\right) \] where \((2^c)^+\) is the successor cardinal of \(2^c\) with \(c\) as the cardinality of the continuum. In the first half of the paper, the authors prove that if \({\mathcal F}\) is such that \(\alpha {\mathcal F} \subseteq {\mathcal F}\) for all \(\alpha \in {\mathbb R}\) and if \(c\leq {\mathcal A}({\mathcal F}) \leq 2^c\), then \({\mathcal F}\) is \({\mathcal A}({\mathcal F})\)-lineable. This is the previously unknown connection between lineability and additivity. The authors also give several applications of this result (e.g., for everywhere surjective or for almost continuous functions). In the second half of the paper, the authors investigate a specific class \(J({\mathbb R})\) of ``pathological'' functions, the so-called \textit{Jones functions}. These are functions \(f:{\mathbb R}\to{\mathbb R}\) which have graph\(\,f \cap K \neq \emptyset\) for every closed set \(K\subseteq {\mathbb R}^2\) with uncountable projection on the \(x\) axis. The authors give a characterizat…
reviewed by: Roland Girgensohn
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 26A15
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 54C30
zbMATH DE Number: 5731683
zbMATH Keywords: lineability
zbMATH Keywords: additivity
zbMATH Keywords: Jones functions
MaRDI profile type: Publication
full work available at URL: j.jmaa.2010.03.036
OpenAlex ID: W1993642410
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DOI: 10.1016/J.JMAA.2010.03.036
description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5731683